What senior blood work is
Senior blood work, sometimes called a senior wellness panel, is a set of lab tests vets use to check an older dog’s overall health, even when the dog seems fine. Dogs can hide illness, and some conditions, such as early kidney or liver changes, may not cause obvious signs until they are well advanced. Testing can find problems sooner and gives your vet a baseline to compare against in future.
When is a dog considered senior?
It depends on size and breed. Many vets start thinking about senior screening around age 7, with earlier starts for larger and giant breeds and somewhat later for small breeds. Labrador retrievers and other large breeds are often considered seniors in their middle to late single digits, but your own vet is the best guide. Some vets begin baseline testing earlier so there is something to compare to.
What is included in a senior panel
Exact panels differ between clinics, but they often include several of the following.
Complete blood count
A complete blood count (CBC) looks at red cells, white cells and platelets. It can help flag anemia, infection, inflammation or clotting concerns.
Chemistry panel
A chemistry panel measures substances in the blood that reflect organ function, such as kidney and liver values, blood sugar, proteins and electrolytes. It helps screen for kidney disease, liver problems, diabetes and other metabolic issues.
Thyroid testing
A thyroid hormone test can check for hypothyroidism, which is more common in middle-aged and older dogs and can cause weight gain, lethargy and coat changes.
Urinalysis and other tests
Urine tests (see how vets collect urine samples) are often recommended with blood work, because the two together give a clearer picture of kidney health, diabetes and urinary tract problems. Depending on your dog’s history, your vet may also suggest blood pressure checks, X-rays, heart tests or other screening. See our overview of senior dog health issues for what these tests are looking for.
How often to test
Many veterinarians recommend senior screening at least once a year, and some suggest every six months for older dogs or those with known conditions. Your vet will tailor the schedule to your dog. Dogs on long-term medications, including some pain medicines, may need more regular monitoring. This is common with arthritis treatment, which you can read about in our guide to dog arthritis treatment.
How much does it cost?
Costs vary considerably by region, clinic, and which tests are included, so it is hard to give a reliable figure. Bundled wellness panels are often cheaper than adding individual tests one at a time. Ask your clinic for an itemized estimate, ask what is included in each package, and check whether your pet insurance or wellness plan covers any of it. Don’t skip testing just to save on cost without discussing options with your vet, who may be able to prioritize the most useful tests.
Preparing for the appointment
- Ask whether your dog should fast beforehand. Some tests are more accurate after fasting, but advice varies, and you should not assume. Water is typically allowed, but confirm.
- Bring a list of all medicines and supplements your dog takes.
- Note any changes you have seen, such as thirst, appetite, weight, energy, stiffness or accidents.
- Bring your dog’s records if you are visiting a new clinic.
Understanding results
Results are usually compared with reference ranges, but a value slightly outside the range does not always mean disease, and normal values do not rule everything out. Your vet interprets numbers in the context of your dog’s age, symptoms, exam and other test results, and may suggest repeat testing or follow-up. Avoid diagnosing your dog from online charts.
When to see a vet
Don’t wait for the next scheduled check if your dog shows increased thirst or urination, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, reduced appetite, lethargy, breathing changes or new lumps. If your dog is losing weight, see our article on helping old dogs gain weight, which explains why testing usually comes first. If you notice trouble breathing, go to a vet promptly and read about breathing problems in older dogs.